在初次完成debian的安装后，需要做一些修改让系统更顺手，以下是常做的一些修改

修改静态IP

查看IP地址及网卡

ip addr

修改配置文件

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

auto 网卡名
iface 网卡名 inet static
address IP地址/掩码
network 网段
broadcast 广播地址
gateway 网关
dns-nameservers DNS

保存并关闭文件，然后重新启动网络服务

sudo systemctl restart networking.service

修改ssh远程登录

debian安装后默认不允许root远程，可以修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件来解决

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#找到以下字样
PermitRootLogin yes
PasswordAuthentication yes

保存并关闭文件，然后重新启动ssh服务

sudo systemctl restart ssh.service

修改国内镜像源

debian默认的镜像源在国外，国内连接不上或速度很慢，需要配置国内镜像源进行加速，通常修改/etc/apt/sources.list文件

以清华源为例

Debian12

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

注释源码镜像并修改清华源
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib

# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib
# deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib

Debian13

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

保存并关闭文件，更新软件源

sudo apt update